“This paper provides an overview of development programmes that have been experimented with on the African continent, and aims to identify the differences between such programmes and the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD). The paper argues that NEPAD distinguishes itself from previous plans on the basis of its clearly elaborated leadership and implementation monitoring structures, as well as the emphasis it places on the need for African leaders to address issues of governance. This paper is also a useful tool for engaging in the debate on the implementation of NEPAD.”