The objective of this study is to isolate the factors that lead to the implementation of interventions that may have an impact on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in developing countries. This case study is part of a series looking to collectively consider research on GHG mitigation action implementation by applying existing theoretical frameworks to examples of projects ultimately addressing climate change. These case studies inform a comparative synthesis paper which will aim to collate insights and lessons on how to consider the implementability of GHG mitigation projects. For this particular case study we examine the GHG mitigation action involving the provision of improved energy and thermal efficiency in government-subsidised housing in South Africa. The case study will focus on three initiatives within the broader efforts to implement energy and thermal efficiency programmes in government-subsidised housing in South Africa, namely: 1. the establishment of a South African National Standard for energy usage in buildings, 2. the Sustainable Settlements Facility and 3. the implementation of energy and thermal efficiency in the Joe Slovo housing scheme in Cape Town.