“Sustainable development and poverty reduction remain a challenge for many countries. Development Aid among other things, remains a key tool in reducing poverty and promoting sustainable development. The G8 summit in Gleneagles committed themselves to increasing aid to Africa to USD130 billion by 2010 and since then, there have been a number of new entrants in the donor community including China, India, Brazil and South Africa. Increases in aid have led to emphasis on accountability for aid in development. There has been growing recognition of the fact that aid can impact on, and be affected by accountability, governance and politics in donor and recipient countries. Increasing attention has also been paid to challenges for aid effectiveness. The study assesses Uganda’s progress in implementing the Paris Declaration (PD) and Accra Agenda for Action (AAA) and focuses on key areas of ownership and mutual accountability. The study considered civil society efforts in monitoring the AAA and PD, and contains practical recommendations for improving accountability and domestic ownership in the aid system.”