Agenda 2063 and the Common African Position on Agenda 2030 identify STI as a key enabler to achieving development blueprints. In response, Africa adopted a 10-year Science, Technology, and Innovation Strategy (STISA–2024). Africa Capacity Report 2017 (ACR 2017) focuses on understanding the capacity imperatives for STI. It helps policymakers draw conclusions critical to STI issues, and it affects policy recommendations to strengthen the policy formulation, implementation, and impact of STI. The report is based on a survey of 44 African countries profiling the dimensions of STI in Africa. It delves into initiatives, challenges, and capacity gaps for African countries, regional economic communities, the African Union, and nonstate actors to pursue STI-driven economic activities. It also puts forward policy options for institutions of higher learning, governments, the private sector, civil society, and development partners to integrate STI into Africa’s growth strategies and build the required capacity in STI as key enablers for achieving Africa’s development targets.