Periodical

Conflict Trends Issue 2 2016

In ‘To Punish or to Reform? Survivor Justice in Africa’ focuses only on survivor justice as a model more suitable to African contexts, where conflicts are mostly internal and there are rarely decisive military victories between political adversaries. In ‘Beyond the Disease: How the Ebola Epidemic Affected the Politics and Stability of the Mano River Basin’ in late 2013, the Ebola virus was diagnosed in the forest region of Guinea. By mid-2014, it had spread alarmingly in the countries of the Mano River Basin – Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone. By the time it was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) in August 2014, at least 1 711 people were infected and 932 people had died from the virus. ‘What are the Human Rights Obligations of UNMISS to those Sheltering on its Protection Sites?’ provides an overview of the development of UNMISS, how it has responded to the outbreak of civil war, and its potential legal responsibilities towards those sheltering on its protection of civilian (PoC) sites. In ‘The Place for Amnesty in Zimbabwe’s Transitional Justice Process,’ Zimbabwe’s transition to a peaceful nation remains at a crossroads, as the government has failed to put in place viable transitional justice mechanisms. Within the current transitional justice discourse among civil society actors, the government and citizens, the notion of “amnesty” as part of the broad transition dialogue remains absent. This article therefore attempts to explore the place for amnesty in Zimbabwe’s transitional justice process. ‘Understanding Civil Militia Groups in Somalia’ Somalia has experienced state failure, collapse and disintegration since the fall of the Mohamed Siad Barre military regime in 1991. Since then, the country has been the subject of numerous peace processes aimed at the creation of a central government, without any success. In ‘Understanding the Recruitment of Child Soldiers’ while it is estimated that about 40% of all child soldiers globally are active on the African continent, scholars appear to evaluate this number in different ways. Vera Achvarina and Simon Reich draw the conclusion that “since 1975, Africa has become the epicentre of the problem, providing the largest concentration of both conflicts and child soldiers” in Africa. The article concludes with a book review on ‘From Classrooms to Conflict in Rwanda – Elizabeth King.’