“This paper discusses and provides historical and contemporary challenges confronting local government in South Africa against the backdrop of the 2006 elections. Following this introductory discussion, the next section outlines local government structures. This is followed by a sketchy historical expose of local government elections. The complex relationship between traditional leadership and local government structures prior to discussing service delivery at local government level is then discussed. Thereafter, an examination of party manifestos during the 2006 elections is undertaken. The challenges for new local authorities are then elaborated followed by highlights concerning gender issues in local government. Last, but not least the paper concludes the discussion by summing up the main argument and offering some recommendations for the improved effectiveness and efficiency of local government authorities.”