“The industrial sector in South Africa accounted for 40% of final energy consumption in 2006 and is, in general, energy intensive, being dominated by heavy industries in the mining and metals refining sub-sectors. Mitigation actions designed around energy efficiency programmes were identified in the South Africa Long Term Mitigation Scenarios (LTMS) to be amongst the most cost effective ways to reduce emissions although the net reductions attainable were estimated to be significant but not large. This sector is therefore an important component of the SATIM model and has seen a fairly significant investment of modelling effort (although not as much as the transport and power sectors).”