“The remarkable growth of China and India combined account for one third of the global population, and together with their progressive integration into the global economy over the last decades, this has left its mark on international trade flows. In the following section A. detailed review of African merchandise exports to China and India is offered and complemented by information on FDI and trade policy development which could affect Africa’s merchandise export growth to these countries in the future. Thereafter in section B the focus is on the competition between African exporters and those from China and India on major third markets. The last section C looks at the emerging competition for African exporters and domestic industry from China and India in African markets. The paper concludes with the main findings.”