The livestock sector in Kenya employs 90% of the rural population. This sector contributes about 42% of agricultural GDP and earns about 30% of the country foreign exchange through agricultural products. However the poverty-reduction potential has not been exploited and this brief indicates that the livestock sector is a potential factor in reducing poverty and enhancing food security. The brief also highlights the role of livestock as an economic driver and examines the factors influencing policy development in this sector.