Africa’s engagement with China has grown considerably over the past two decades, and this growth trajectory is bound to continue. For African countries and China, it is important to take stock of the gains made. This policy briefing assesses the economic dimensions of China–Africa relations by examining trade, infrastructure financing and development, as well as digital engagements between these partners. It also looks at sustainable development that can be increased within the different facets of this ongoing relationship, to enhance inclusive benefits for all. The policy briefing draws on a series of dialogues hosted by SAIIA and the Chinese Embassy in South Africa, under the China–Africa Joint Research and Exchange Programme, on 13 and 15 October 2020. It captures key elements of the discussions and recommendations drawn from academics and experts throughout the deliberations.