“The study was carried out to find out strengths and weaknesses in the institutional structure and associated legislation that support measures to improve the environment of the City of Dar es Salaam. The objective is to equip policy makers, particularly local government leaders, with an understanding of better means and ways of keeping the City of Dar es Salaam safe and clean without depriving its dwellers of their sustainable livelihoods. The understanding would help to avoid sending man dwellers to poverty which might lead to environmental degradation. The findings of this study constitute a real and deep scrutiny advance in understanding how different social groups under different conditions secure sustainable livelihoods, and how they relate to environmental management practices and environmental change.”