With oceans under increasing pressure from a range of anthropogenic threats, including climate change, the need for effective partnerships for ocean governance and protection has never been more pressing. The private sector has a key role to play in such partnerships, yet an assessment of partnership experiences in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) showed that outcomes have often been disappointing. This briefing highlights challenges and opportunities for more effective private sector partnerships aimed at contributing to a more sustainable Blue Economy in the WIO region. It draws on the author’s experience in supporting the development of the Strategic Framework for Private Sector Partnership for the Western Indian Ocean Region (hereafter the Strategic Framework), produced by the Nairobi Convention Secretariat.