“This paper has addressed the questions of public service delivery in Africa by focusing on the education, health, water and sanitation sectors. It has reviewed some of the reforms implemented in Africa to enhance service delivery. It has also discussed the reasons behind the success and poor performance of a number of African countries in those sectors. As a way forward, we conclude that the way forward is to benchmark African countries in their social service delivery. Such an exercise requires the development of an appropriate metric. In particular, a more comprehensive bench-marking of decentralization performances of laggard countries against those of relative successes e.g. (South Africa and Uganda) is required.”